What is Metformin Tablets ?
- Metformin is an oral antidiabetic medication that belongs to the biguanide class. It is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for managing type 2 diabetes. Metformin helps lower blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes by primarily reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and improving the sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin.
Metformin Tablets Uses
- Type 2 Diabetes Management:
- Metformin tablets are primarily used to manage high blood sugar levels in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
- It is often used as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS):
- Metformin may also be prescribed for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to manage insulin resistance, regulate menstrual cycles, and improve fertility.
Metformin Tablets – Mechanism of Action and Pharmacology
- Reduced Glucose Production:
- Metformin primarily works by decreasing the amount of glucose produced by the liver. It inhibits an enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis, a process where the liver produces glucose.
- Improved Insulin Sensitivity:
- Metformin also improves insulin sensitivity in muscle cells, allowing them to better utilize glucose, which helps lower blood sugar levels.
- Increased Glucose Uptake:
- Metformin promotes glucose uptake by muscle cells, enhancing the utilization of glucose and reducing its levels in the bloodstream.
Metformin Tablets – Side-effects
- Gastrointestinal Issues:
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach upset are common gastrointestinal side effects, especially when initiating treatment.
- Loss of Appetite:
- Some individuals may experience a loss of appetite or a metallic taste in the mouth.
- Lactic Acidosis (Rare but Serious):
- Although rare, metformin can cause a serious condition called lactic acidosis, especially in individuals with kidney problems or severe liver disease. Symptoms may include muscle pain, difficulty breathing, stomach discomfort, and irregular heartbeat.
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency:
- Long-term use of metformin may lead to vitamin B12 deficiency, which can cause fatigue, weakness, and neurological problems.
- Skin Reactions:
- Skin reactions such as rash or itching may occur in some individuals.
